South Africa's multi-morbidity challenge: New research reveals disease combination patterns

New research from the ENHANCE project provides groundbreaking insights into the prevalence of multi-morbidity, the coexistence of multiple chronic conditions in South Africa. Using innovative statistical modelling, researchers have mapped the most common disease combinations among South Africans aged 15 years and older, revealing surprising patterns that could transform healthcare delivery.

The study found that South Africa faces uniquely high rates of multi-morbidity, with less common conditions like COPD, asthma, and stroke showing the strongest associations with other diseases. While hypertension, HIV, diabetes, and arthritis affect millions, patients with less common conditions often experience the heaviest burden of co-morbidities.

These findings highlight the urgent need to re-orient South Africa's healthcare system toward comprehensive screening and integrated care approaches, particularly for older populations and those with specific index conditions. The ENHANCE project, a collaboration between South African and UK institutions, is now testing interventions in 32 clinics across Western Cape and KwaZulu Natal provinces.

Read the full policy brief to discover how these insights could reshape chronic disease management in South Africa and other low- and middle-income countries.